Therefore, they may be thought that they can be reliably used to predict photochemical ozone production where the gas-phase chemistry plays a central role. In particular, regional-scale CTMs have long been used since the late 1970s (e.g., De Wispelaer, 1981), and the scientific bases of gas-phase chemistry in the troposphere have been well established (Finlayson-Pitts, 2000 Akimoto et al., 2016). EPA, 2018) and to infer the intensity and distributions of surface nitrogen oxides (NO x) emissions from the satellite observations of tropospheric NO 2 columns (e.g., Han et al., 2009 Schaap et al., 2013 Streets et al., 2013). For example, CTMs have been employed to elucidate tropospheric chemistry mechanisms (e.g., Lelieveld et al., 2016 Hu et al., 2018) to establish ozone and PM 2.5 control strategies (e.g., U.S. In the field of atmospheric environmental sciences, chemical transport models (CTMs) are widely employed to tackle social issues as well as scientific challenges. Keywords: Reactive nitrogen, Nitric acid, Nitrous acid, Ozone, Chemical transport model Studies combining observations of speciated NO y and model simulations need to be performed to improve chemistry models used in CTMs. For the further validation of CTMs with individual species of NO y, previous field studies of comprehensive observation of NO y speciation in ground-based and aircraft campaigns have also been reviewed. The disagreement of the simulated results of CTM with observational data of HNO 3 and HONO have often been reported, and this paper reviews previous studies on the heterogeneous “renoxification” reaction of gaseous HNO 3 to form NO, NO 2, and/or HONO the formation of HONO from the heterogeneous dark reaction of NO 2 and H 2O, and the photolysis of adsorbed HNO 3 and NO 3 – on surfaces. To improve the credibility of chemistry schemes employed in chemical transport models (CTMs) aiming at predicting ozone mixing ratios in urban, rural, and regional scales, validation of models not only by observational data of O 3 and NO x but also by individual species of reactive nitrogen NO y is necessary because the formation and dissipation of O 3 in the atmosphere occur via reactions accompanying the transformation of NO x and NO y. Evaluation of CTMs for observed speciated NO y species needs to be conducted.Previous studies on comprehensive observations of NO y speciation have been reviewed.The atmospheric heterogeneous processes related to HNO 3 and HONO have been reviewed.Review of Comprehensive Measurements of Speciated NO y and its Chemistry: Need for Quantifying the Role of Heterogeneous Processes of HNO 3 and HONO.
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